Brazil Study & Guide AllRefer
A Country Study: Brazil
Library of Congress Call Number F2508 .B846 1998
* Brazil
* Foreword
* Acknowledgments
* Preface
* Table A. Selected Acronyms and Abbreviations
* Table B. Chronology of Important Events
* Country Profile
o Country
o Geography
o Society
o Economy
o Transportation and Communications
o Government and Politics
o National Security
* Introduction
* Chapter 1 - Historical Setting (Frank D. McCann)
o The Indigenous Population
o The Colonial Era, 1500-1815
+ Frontier Expansion That Shaped Brazil
+ Early Colonization
+ French and Dutch Incursions
+ Gold Mining Displaces Cane Farming
+ The Transition to Kingdom Status
o The Kingdom of Portugal and Brazil, 1815-21
o The Empire, 1822-89
+ Emperor Pedro I, 1822-31
+ The Regency Era, 1831-40
+ The Second Empire, 1840-89
o The Republican Era, 1889-1985
+ The Old or First Republic, 1889-1930
+ The Era of Get?lio Vargas, 1930-54
+ The Post-Vargas Republic, 1954-64
+ The Military Republic, 1964-85
* Chapter 2 - The Society and Its Environment (Donald R. Sawyer)
o The Physical Setting
+ Size and Location
+ Geology, Geomorphology, and Drainage
+ Soils and Vegetation
+ Climate
+ Geographic Regions
# North
# Northeast
# Southeast
# South
# Center-West
+ The Environment
o Population
+ Population Size and Distribution
+ Mortality
+ Fertility
+ Migration and Urbanization
o Social Structure
+ Social Classes
+ Gender
+ Youth
+ The Elderly
+ Race and Ethnicity
+ Amerindians
+ Rural Groups
o Cultural Unity and Diversity
+ The Brazilian Way
+ Language
+ Mass Communications
+ Family and Kinship
o Religion
+ Roman Catholicism
+ Other Religions
o Health Status and Health Care (Jaklen Muoi Tuyen)
+ Indicators of Health
+ Infectious and Chronic Diseases
+ Nutrition and Diet
+ The Health Care System
+ Health Professionals and Resources
o Public Health and Welfare
+ Social Security
+ Sanitation and Public Utilities
+ Housing
o Education
+ Literacy
+ Primary and Secondary Schools
+ Colleges and Universities
+ Principal Research Libraries
o Social Conflict and Participation
+ Conflict and Nonviolence
+ Growth of Social and Environmental Movements
+ Inclusion and Exclusion
* Chapter 3 -The Economy (Charles C. Mueller and Werner Baer)
o Historical Background and Economic Growth
+ The Colonial Period
# The Sugar Cycle, 1540-1640
# The Eighteenth-Century Gold Rush
+ The Economy at Independence, 1822
+ The Coffee Economy, 1840-1930
+ A Period of Sweeping Change, 1930-45
+ Import-Substitution Industrialization, 1945-64
+ Stagnation and Spectacular Growth, 1962-80
# Stagnation, 1962-67
# Spectacular Growth, 1968-73
# Growth with Debt, 1974-80
+ Stagnation, Inflation, and Crisis, 1981-94
# The 1981-84 Period
# The 1985-89 Period
# The 1990-94 Period
o The Labor Force and Income Levels
+ Employment and Earnings
# Employment
# Earnings
+ Inequality and Poverty
o Structure of Production
+ Agriculture
+ Livestock
+ Fishing
+ Industry
+ Mining
+ Energy
# Electric Power
# Petroleum
# Natural Gas
# Nuclear Power
+ The Services Sector (Donald V. Coes)
# Transportation
# Highways
# Railroads
# Subways
# Airports
# Ports
# Inland Waterways
# Merchant Marine
# Telecommunications
# Tourism
o Privatization
o Exchange-Rate and Balance of Payments Policies
+ Exchange Rates and Foreign Trade
+ Capital Flows and the External Debt
o Fiscal and Monetary Policy, the Public Sector, and Inflation
+ Fiscal Trends in the 1980s
+ Pressures on Public-Sector Expenditures in the 1980s
+ Fiscal Deficits and Inflation
o Brazil's Real Plan
o Trade Policies
o Trade Patterns and Regional Economic Integration
o Economic Outlook
* Chapter 4 - Government and Politics (David V. Fleischer)
o Political Culture
o Constitutional Framework
o Structure of Government
+ The Executive
+ The Legislature
+ The Judiciary
+ State and Local Governments
o The Political Party System
+ Historical Origins and Evolution
+ Major Parties in Congress
# Progressive Renewal Party
# Brazilian Democratic Movement Party
# Liberal Front Party
# Brazilian Labor Party
# Democratic Labor Party
# Workers' Party
# Brazilian Social Democracy Party
# Progressive Party
+ Minor Parties in Congress
# Liberal Party
# Party of National Reconstruction
# Brazilian Socialist Party
# Brazilian Communist Party
# Communist Party of Brazil
+ Regional Strength of the Parties
+ Party Legislation
o Politics
+ Sarney's Presidency, 1985-90
+ Collor de Mello's Presidency, 1990-92
+ Franco's Presidency, 1992-94
+ Cardoso's Presidency, 1995-
o Women in Politics
o The Electoral System
o Elections
+ The Presidential Election of 1989
+ Congressional and State Elections, 1990
+ Municipal Elections, 1992
+ General Elections, 1994
+ Municipal Elections, 1996
o Interest Group Politics
+ Interest Groups
+ The Lobbying Process
+ The Media
o Foreign Relations
+ The Foreign Service
+ Foreign Policy Decision Making
+ Multilateral Relations
+ Latin America
+ Europe
+ The Middle East
+ Africa
+ Asia
+ United States
* Chapter 5 - National Security (Scott D. Tollefson)
o The Military Role in Society and Government (Scott D. Tollefson and Frank D. McCann)
+ Early History
+ Military Rebellion and the Revolution of 1930
+ From Moderator to Director, 1930-85
+ The Internal Security Mission, 1964-85
+ Civil-Military Relations, 1985-94
o Brazil and International Conflicts, 1917-95
o Foreign Military Influence
o The Military Role in the Intelligence Services (Scott D. Tollefson and Frank D. McCann)
+ The National Intelligence Service, 1964-90
+ The Strategic Affairs Secretariat, 1990-94
o Defense Industries
o Mission of the Armed Forces
+ The Military Mission since 1988
+ The Military in the Amazon
+ The Military Role in Counter-Drug Actions
+ Civic Action
o Defense Expenditures
o Organization of the Armed Forces
+ Command and Control
+ Army
+ Navy
+ Air Force
o Personnel and Training (Scott D. Tollefson and Frank D. McCann)
+ Conscription
+ Ranks, Uniforms, and Insignia
+ Education and Training
+ Sociology of the Officer Corps
+ Officer Recruitment
+ Women in the Armed Forces
o Security Forces
+ Federal Police
+ State Police
o Crime and Punishment
+ Crime
+ Penal Code
+ Penal Institutions
o Toward the Future
* Chapter 6 - Science and Technology (Simon Schwartzman and Maria Helena MagalhÑes Castro)
o Historical Evolution
+ Colonial Science
+ Imperial Science
+ Applied Science in Agriculture and Health
+ The Search for Alternatives
+ Science and Technology as Modernization, 1945-64
+ The Great Leap Forward, 1968-79
+ Science and Technology as a Pressure Group, 1979-90
o The Computer Industry Policy
o Science for Industrial Competitiveness
o Administration of Science and Technology
+ The Ministry of Science and Technology
+ National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
+ The Funding Authority for Studies and Projects
+ The Coordination of High-Level Personnel Training
+ Other Activities by the Federal Government
+ Science and Technology in the States
+ The SÑo Paulo Science and Technology System
o Research and Development
+ University Research and Graduate Education
+ Research in State-Owned Corporations
+ Technological Research in the Private Sector
+ Centers of Excellence
+ Policy Perspectives
o Nuclear Programs (Scott D. Tollefson)
o The Space Program (Scott D. Tollefson)
o Missile Programs (Scott D. Tollefson)
* Appendix. Tables
* Bibliography
* Glossary
Votes:16
Comments: 0