Afghanistan Study & Guide - allRefer - Afghanistan Information

AFGHANISTAN
HISTORICAL SETTING
THE PRE-ISLAMIC PERIOD
Achaemenid Rule, ca. 550-331 B.C.
Alexander and Greek Rule, 330-ca. 150 B.C.
Central Asian and Sassanian Rule, ca. 150 B.C.-700 A.D.
ISLAMIC CONQUEST
Ghaznavid and Ghorid Rule
Mongol Rule, 1220-1506
Mughal-Safavid Rivalry, ca. 1500-1747
AHMAD SHAH AND THE DURRANI EMPIRE
THE GREAT GAME
The Rise of Dost Mohammad
The First Anglo-Afghan War
The Second Anglo-Afghan War
ABDUR RAHMAN KHAN, "THE IRON AMIR," 1880-1901
Consolidation of the Modern State
Modernization and Development of Institutions
THE REIGN OF KING HABIBULLAH, 1901-1919
THE REIGN OF KING AMANULLAH, 1919-29
Third Anglo-Afghan War and Independence
Reform, Popular Reaction, and Forced Abdication
TAJIK RULE, JANUARY-OCTOBER 1929
MUHAMMAD NADIR SHAH, 1929-33
MOHAMMAD ZAHIR SHAH, 1933-73
Zahir Shah and His Uncles, 1933-53
The Pashtunistan Issue
Early Links with the Soviet Union
Experiment with Liberalized Politics
Daoud as Prime Minister, 1953-63
The King Reigns: The Last Decade of the Monarchy, 1963-73
DAOUD'S REPUBLIC, JULY 1973- APRIL 1978
COMMUNISM, REBELLION, AND SOVIET INTERVENTION
THE SOCIETY AND ITS ENVIRONMENT
THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Mountains
Rivers
Regions
Climate
POPULATION
SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Ethnic Groups
Pashtun
Tajik
Hazara
Uzbek
Turkmen
Other Groups
Aimaq
Arab
Kirghiz
Wakhi
Farsiwan
Nuristani
Baluch
Brahui
Qizilbash
Kabuli
Jat
Non-Muslims
Interethnic Relations
Tribes
MODES OF SUBSISTENCE
Pastoralism
Mixed Subsistence Patterns
FAMILY
GENDER ROLES
RELIGION
Early Development of Islam
Sunni and Shia Islam
Sufism
Tenets of Islam
Islamic Expression in Afghanistan
Sunnis of the Hanafi School
Ithna Ashariya (Twelver or Imami) Shia
Ismailis
Sufis
Meaning and Practice
Politicized Islam
EDUCATION
Literacy
Administrative Structure
Enrollment
Curriculum
Teacher Training
Higher Education
Adult Literacy
Current Activities
HEALTH
REFUGEES AND REPATRIATION
WARFARE AND CIVIC CULTURE