Algeria Study & Guide - allRefer
COUNTRY PROFILE
Country
GEOGRAPHY
SOCIETY
ECONOMY
TRANSPORTATION AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
NATIONAL SECURITY
INTRODUCTION
Historical Setting
PREHISTORY OF CENTRAL NORTH AFRICA
NORTH AFRICA DURING THE CLASSICAL PERIOD
Carthage and the Berbers
The Roman Era
Vandals and Byzantines
ISLAM AND THE ARABS, 642-1830
Fatimids
Almoravids
Almohads
Zayanids
Marabouts
European Offensive
Privateers
Ottoman Rule
Relations with the United States
FRANCE IN ALGERIA, 1830-1962
Invasion of Algiers
The Land and Colonizers
Opposition to the Occupation
Abd al Qadir
Colonization and Military Control
Hegemony of the Colons
Algerian Nationalism
Political Movements
Viollette Plan
Polarization and Politicization
War of Independence
FLN
Philippeville
Conduct of the War
Committee of Public Safety
De Gaulle
The Generals' Putsch
INDEPENDENT ALGERIA, 1962-92
Aftermath of the War
Ben Bella and the FLN
Boumediene Regime
Chadli Bendjedid and Afterward
The Society and Its Environment
PHYSICAL SETTING
Geographic Regions
The Tell
The High Plateaus and the Saharan Atlas
Northeastern Algeria
The Sahara
Climate and Hydrology
Terrain
POPULATION
Demographic Profile
Migration
Urbanization and Density
ETHNIC GROUPS AND LANGUAGES
The Peoples
Languages: Arabic and Berber
Arabization
STRUCTURE OF SOCIETY
Preindependence Society
The Revolution and Social Change
Toward a Modern Society
THE INDIVIDUAL, THE FAMILY, AND THE SEXES
Family and Household
Men and Women
Family Code
Family Planning
ISLAM
Early History
Tenets of Islam
Islam and the Algerian State
RELIGIOUS MINORITIES
EDUCATION
HEALTH AND WELFARE
Health
Social Welfare
Housing
The Economy
DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
GOVERNMENT ROLE
PUBLIC FINANCES
Budget
External Debt and Payments
Currency and Exchange Rates
Foreign Aid
Investments
SERVICES
Banking
Tourism
LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT
NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENERGY
Hydrocarbons
Minerals
Electric Power
INDUSTRY
Manufacturing
Construction
AGRICULTURE
Land Tenure and Reform
Crops
Livestock
Forestry
Fishing
TRANSPORTATION AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Transportation
Railroads
Ports
Roads
Airports
Telecommunications
TRADE
Trading Partners
Exports and Imports
Balance of Payments
Trade Account
TRENDS
Government and Politics
POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT
Postindependence Politics and the Socialist Tradition
The Revolutionary Period and Independence
The "Heroic" Stage: Ben Bella's Regime, 1962-65
Boumediene and the Socialist Experiment
Council of the Revolution, 1965-75
Formation of the Second Algerian Republic, 1976-79
Recent Political Events
Political-Economic Liberalization under Benjedid, 1979-88
Democratization, October 1988-January 11, 1992
Return to Authoritarianism, January 11, 1992
POLITICAL STRUCTURE AND PROCESSES
Structure of the National Government
Constitution
Executive: Presidential System
Legislative: National People's Assembly
Role of Political Parties
FLN Role
Legalization of Political Parties and Beginnings of a Pluralist System
Electoral System
Judicial System
Supreme Court
Provincial Courts
Tribunals
Military Tribunals
High Judicial Council
Local and Regional Government
Wilayat
Dawair
Communes
Municipal Government
EFFECTIVE INSTITUTIONS
Political Configuration: The Army-Party-State Triangle
The Elite
Military Dictatorship
High Council of State
National Consultative Council
The Islamist Factor
The Islamist Movement since the Late 1980s
Role of the FIS
CIVIL SOCIETY
The Algerian General Workers' Union and the Workers' Movement
Youth and Student Unions
The National Union of Algerian Farmers
The Entrepreneurial Class
Socialist Vanguard Party
The Women's Movement
The Press
The Arabization Movement
FOREIGN POLICY
General Trends
Africa
The Maghrib
Sub-Saharan Africa
Arab and Middle East Affairs
The West
The United States
France and the Mediterranean Countries
National Security
EXTERNAL SECURITY PROBLEMS AND POLICIES
Security Interests Outside the Maghrib
Security Problems with Neighboring States
Strategic Perspectives
DOMESTIC SECURITY CONCERNS
Islamic Opposition
Berber Separatism
THE MILITARY HERITAGE
The Military and Boumediene
THE ARMED FORCES
Army
Air Force
Navy
Uniforms, Ranks, and Insignia
Personnel and Recruitment
Conditions of Service
THE DEFENSE BURDEN
FOREIGN MILITARY ASSISTANCE
INTERNAL SECURITY
Gendarmerie Nationale
S�ret� Nationale
Intelligence Agencies
Criminal Justice System
Prison Conditions
Appendix. Tables
Glossary
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