Angola Study & Guide - AllRefer - Angola Information

* COUNTRY PROFILE
o COUNTRY
o GEOGRAPHY
o SOCIETY
o ECONOMY
o TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
o GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
o NATIONAL SECURITY
* INTRODUCTION
* Chapter. 1. Historical Setting
o PRECOLONIAL ANGOLA AND THE ARRIVAL OF THE PORTUGUESE
+ Kongo Kingdom
+ Ndongo Kingdom
+ The Defeat of Kongo and Ndongo
+ Matamba and Kasanje Kingdoms
+ Lunda and Chokwe Kingdoms
+ Ovimbundu and Kwanhama Kingdoms
+ The Dutch Interregnum, 1641-48
o ANGOLA IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
+ Slave Trading in the 1700s
+ Portuguese Settlers in Angola
o THE 1800s: TURMOIL IN PORTUGAL, REFORM AND EXPANSION IN ANGOLA
+ The Early Nineteenth Century
+ Abolition of the Slave Trade
+ Expansion and the Berlin Conference
o SETTLEMENT, CONQUEST, AND DEVELOPMENT
+ The Demographic Situation
+ Military Campaigns
+ Administration and Development
o ANGOLA UNDER THE SALAZAR REGIME
+ Angola under the New State
+ Salazar's Racial Politics
o RISE OF AFRICAN NATIONALISM
+ Roots of Discontent
+ African Associations
# The Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola
# The National Front for the Liberation of Angola
+ Organizational Weaknesses
+ Beginning of Revolution
o ANGOLAN INSURGENCY
+ Ascendancy of the MPLA
+ Emergence of UNITA
+ Liberation Movements in Cabinda
+ Portuguese Economic Interests and Resistance to Angolan Independence
+ The Portuguese Coup d'Etat and the End of the Colonial Era
o COALITION, THE TRANSITIONAL GOVERNMENT, AND CIVIL WAR
+ Foreign Intervention
+ Collapse of the Transitional Government
+ South African Intervention
o INDEPENDENCE AND THE RISE OF THE MPLA GOVERNMENT
+ Transformation into a Marxist-Leninist Party and Internal Dissent
+ Shaba Invasion and the Nitista Plot
+ Strengthening Ties with the Soviet Union and Its Allies
+ Economic Problems and the Implementation of Socialist Policies
+ The UNITA Insurgency and the South African Threat
+ The Final Days of the Neto Regime
o THE DOS SANTOS REGIME
+ Steps Toward a Stronger Party and Political Discord
+ The Namibia Issue and Security Threats in the 1980s
+ Second Party Congress
* The Society and Its Environment
o PHYSICAL SETTING
+ Terrain
+ Drainage
+ Climate
o POPULATION STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS
o ETHNIC GROUPS AND LANGUAGES
+ The Definition of Ethnicity
+ Ethnolinguistic Categories
# Ovimbundu
# Mbundu
# Bakongo
# Lunda-Chokwe
# Nganguela
# Ovambo, Nyaneka-Humbe, Herero, and Others
# Hunters, Gatherers, Herders, and Others
+ Mesti�os
o STRUCTURE OF SOCIETY
+ Social Structure in Rural Communities
# Ovimbundu Social Structure
# Mbundu Social Structure
+ Social Structure in Urban Areas
+ Effects of Socialist Policies
# Policies Affecting Rural Society
# Policies Affecting Urban Society
+ Role of Women and Children
+ Effects of the Insurgency
o RELIGIOUS LIFE
+ Christianity
+ Indigenous Religious Systems
o EDUCATION
+ Conditions Before Independence
+ Conditions after Independence
+ Education in UNITA-Claimed Territory
o HEALTH AND WELFARE
* The Economy
o BACKGROUND TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
o STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMY
o ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT
o FOREIGN TRADE AND ASSISTANCE
+ Foreign Trade
+ Foreign Assistance
o LABOR FORCE
o EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES
+ Oil
# Postindependence Exploration and Production
# Marketing
+ Diamonds
+ Iron Ore
+ Other Minerals
o AGRICULTURE
+ Coffee
+ Food Crops and Livestock
+ Timber
+ Fishing
o INDUSTRY
+ Electric Power
+ Food Processing
+ Light Industry
+ Heavy Industry
+ Construction Materials
o TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
+ Roads
+ Railroads
+ Ports
+ Air Transport
+ Telecommunications
o BALANCE OF PAYMENTS, FINANCES, AND FOREIGN DEBT
+ Balance of Trade and Payments
+ Finances
+ Foreign Debt
* Government and Politics
o BACKGROUND
o STRUCTURE OF GOVERNMENT
+ The Constitution
+ Executive Branch
# The President
# Council of Ministers
# Defense and Security Council
+ Legislative Branch
+ Judicial System
+ Local Administration
o POPULAR MOVEMENT FOR THE LIBERATION OF ANGOLA-WORKERS' PARTY
+ Background
+ Structure
# Political Bureau
# Central Committee
# Party Congress
# Regional Organization
+ Operations
o POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT
o MASS ORGANIZATIONS AND INTEREST GROUPS
+ Mass Organizations
# Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola-Youth Movement
# National Union of Angolan Workers
# Organization of Angolan Women
+ Interest Groups
# Peasant Farmers
# Traditional Elites
# Religious Communities
o POLITICAL OPPOSITION
o MASS MEDIA
o FOREIGN RELATIONS
+ Policy Making
+ Regional Politics
# Regional Accord
# Relations with Other African States
+ Communist Nations
+ United States and Western Europe
* National Security
o NATIONAL SECURITY ENVIRONMENT
o EVOLUTION OF THE ARMED FORCES
+ Background
+ Independence Struggle, Civil War, and Intervention
+ The Development of FAPLA
o ARMED FORCES
+ Constitutional and Political Context
+ Armed Forces Organization and Mission
# Ground Forces
# Air and Air Defense Force
# Navy
# Foreign Auxiliary Forces
+ Troop Strength, Recruitment, and Conscription
+ Conditions of Service, Ranks, and Military Justice
+ Foreign Influences
# Communist Nations
# Noncommunist Nations
+ Training
+ FAPLA's Combat Performance
o WAR AND THE ROLE OF THE ARMED FORCES IN SOCIETY
+ The Costs of Endemic Conflict
+ War and the Military in National Perspective
+ Civic Action and Veterans' Groups
o INTERNAL SECURITY
+ Antigovernment Opposition
+ Erstwhile Opposition: FLEC and the FNLA
+ The Enduring Rival: UNITA
# Military Organization and Capability
# External Support
+ Angola as a Refuge
+ Internal Security Forces and Organization
o CRIME AND PUNISHMENT
+ Criminal Justice System
+ Prison System
+ Incidence and Trends in Crime
+ Human Rights
* Appendices
o Appendix A. Tables
o Appendix B. 1988 Regional Accords
* Glossary