Bugaria Study & Guide - AllRefer - Bulgaria Information

A Country Study: Bulgaria
Library of Congress Call Number DR55 .B724 1993

* Bulgaria
* Foreword
* Acknowledgments
* Preface
* Table A. Chronology of Important Events
* Country Profile - Visit new updated Profile (PDF)
o Country
o Geography
o Society
o Economy
o Transportation and Communications
o Government and Politics
o National Security
* Introduction

* Chapter 1 - Historical Setting (Glenn E. Curtis)
o Early Settlement and Empire
+ Pre-Bulgarian Civilizations
+ The Slavs and the Bulgars
+ The First Golden Age
+ The Second Golden Age
o Ottoman Rule
+ Introduction of the Ottoman System
+ Bulgarian Society under the Turks
+ Early Decay and Upheaval in the Empire
o National Revival, Early Stages
+ The Written Word
+ Commerce and Western Influences
+ European and Russian Policies, 1800
o The Bulgarian Independence Movement
+ Revolution in the Balkans
+ Cultural Expressions of Nationalism
+ Religious Independence
+ Early Insurrections
+ Balkan Politics of the Mid-Nineteenth Century
+ The First Independence Organizations
+ The Final Move to Independence
+ San Stefano, Berlin, and Independence
o The Decandes of National Consolidation
+ Forming the New State
+ The Stambolov Years
+ The Rule of Ferdinand
+ The Macedonian Issue
+ Full Independence
o The Balkan Wars and World War I
+ The First Balkan War
+ The Second Balkan War
+ World War I
# Prewar Bulgarian Politics
# Early Successes
# Stalemate and Demoralization
# Capitulation and Settlement
o The Interwar Period
+ Stamboliiski and Agrarian Reform
+ The Fall of Stamboliiski
+ The Tsankov and Liapchev Governments
+ The Crises of the 1930s
# Political Disorder and Diplomatic Isolation
# The Royal Dictatorship
+ The Interwar Economy
+ Foreign Policy in the Late 1930s
o World War II
+ The Passive Alliance
+ Wartime Crisis
+ The Soviet Occupation
o Communist Consolidation
+ Initial Maneuvering
+ The Dimitrov Constitution
+ Chervenkov and Stalinism in Bulgaria
+ Foreign and Economic Policies
+ After Stalin
# The Fall of Chervenkov
# Intellectual Life
# Domestic Policy and Its Results
o The Zhivkov Era
+ Zhivkov Takes Control
+ Zhivkov's Political Methodology
+ The Constitution of 1971
+ Foreign Affairs in the 1960s and 1970s
+ Domestic Policy in the 1960s and 1970s
+ The Political Atmosphere in the 1970s
+ Bulgaria in the 1980s

* Chapter 2 - The Society and Its Environment (Pamela Mitova)
o Natural Features
+ Boundaries
+ Topography
+ Drainage
+ Climate
+ Environment
o Population
+ Administrative Subdivisions
+ Settlement Patterns
+ Cities
+ Internal Migration
+ Foreign Citizens in Bulgaria
+ Population Trends
o Ethnographic Characteristics
+ Government Minority Policy
+ Bulgarians
+ Turks
+ Pomaks
+ Macedonians
+ Gypsies
+ Other Minorities
o Religion
+ Eastern Orthodoxy
+ Islam
+ Roman Catholicism
+ Protestantism
+ Judaism
o Social System
+ Traditional Society
+ Family Life and Modern Society
+ Social Groups and Their Work
o Social Services
+ Health
+ Housing
+ Education

* Chapter 3 - The Economy (William Marsteller)
o Resource Base
+ Coal and Minerals
+ Agricultural Resources
+ Environmental Problems
o Labor Force
+ Factors of Availability
+ Labor and Economic Reform
o Economic Structure and Control Mechanisms
+ The Centrally Planned Economy
+ The Planning System
o Economic Policy and Performance
+ Postwar Economic Policy
+ The First Five-Year Plans
+ The Era of Experimentation and Reform
# Industrial Decentralization
# Industrial Recentralization
# Larger Economic Units
# The New Economic Model
# The Last Round of Zhivkov Reforms
o Economic Sectors
+ Fuels
+ Energy Generation
# Conventional Power Generation
# Nuclear Power
+ Industry
# Industrial Policy
# Industrial Centers
# Obstacles to Industrial Growth
+ Agriculture
# Early Collectivization Campaigns
# Farm Consolidation in the 1960s
+ Reform in the 1980s
+ Agricultural Products
# The Role of Private Plots
# Post-Zhivkov Agricultural Reform
+ Transportation
+ Communications
o Banking and Finance
+ Currency and Exchange
+ Banking System
+ Investment Policy
+ Prices
o Foreign Trade
+ Postwar Trade Policy
+ Bulgaria in Comecon
+ Trade with the West and the Third World
+ New Trade Conditions, 1990
o Standard of Living
o Market Reform
+ Reform Mechanisms
+ The Economic Policy Commission
+ Domestic and International Economic Policies in the 1990s

* Chapter 4 - Government and Politics (Glenn E. Curtis)
o The Prewar Political Context
o The Early Communist Era
+ The State under Dimitrov
+ The Chervenkov Era
o The Zhivkov Era
+ The Rise of Zhivkov
+ Zhivkov Takes Control
+ The Constitution of 1971
+ The Last Zhivkov Decade
+ Issues of Dissent
+ The Removal of Zhivkov
o Governance After Zhivkov
+ The Mladenov Government
+ The 1990 Stalemate
o Government Structure
+ The Role of Unofficial Organizations
+ The National Assembly
# The Assembly under Zhivkov
# The First Freely Elected Assembly, 1990
+ The State Council and the Presidency
# The Council of Ministers
# The Judiciary
+ Local Government
+ Electoral Procedures
o Non-Governmental Political Institutions
+ The Bulgarian Communist (Socialist) Party
+ The Union of Democratic Forces
+ Trade Unions
# Unions under Communist Regimes
# Independent Union Organizations
+ Youth Organizations
+ The Movement for Rights and Freedoms
+ Other Political Organizations
# Ecological Organizations
# Revived Prewar Parties
+ The Monarchist Movement
o The Public and Political Decision Making
+ The Intelligentsia
+ Zhivkov and the Intelligentsia
+ The Ferment of 1988-90
+ The Media and Public Issues
+ The Turkish Problem
o Foreign Policy
+ The Foreign Policy Establishment
+ Relations with Balkan Neighbors
# Yugoslavia
# Romania
# Greece
# Turkey
+ The Soviet Union
+ Western Europe and the United States

* Chapter 5 - National Security (Karl Wheeler Soper)
o Development of the Armed Forces
+ Early Development
+ Struggle for National Independence to World War I
+ The Interwar Years and World War II
+ Postwar Development
o National Defense Posture
+ Threat Perception
+ Doctrine and Strategy
o Defense Organization
+ The Military in the Political System
+ Government Organization for Defense
+ High Command
+ Armed Services
# Ground Forces
# Air and Air Defense Forces
# Naval Forces
# Border Troops
# Construction Troops
# Civil Defense Troops
+ Logistics and Arms Procurement
+ Military Budget
o Military Personnel
+ Recruitment and Service Obligations
+ Military Training
+ Officer Education
+ Reserves and Mobilization
+ Ranks, Uniforms, and Insignia
o Foreign Military Relations
+ The Warsaw Pact
+ Military Cooperation and Exchanges
+ Arms Sales
o Law and Order
+ Crime
+ Penal System
+ The Ministry of Internal Affairs
# Police Organizations
# The Penal System
+ Security and Intelligence Services
+ Terrorist and Espionage Activities

* Appendix. Tables
* Bibliography
* Glossary