Egypt Study & Guide - AllRefer

* COUNTRY PROFILE
o Country
o GEOGRAPHY
o SOCIETY
o ECONOMY
o TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
o GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
o NATIONAL SECURITY
* INTRODUCTION
* Historical Setting
o ANCIENT EGYPT
+ The Predynastic Period and the First and Second Dynasties, 6000-2686 B.C.
+ The Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and Second Intermediate Period, 2686 to 1552 B.C.
+ Pyramid Building in the Old and Middle Kingdoms
+ The New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period, 1552-664 B.C.
+ Art and Architecture in the New Kingdom
+ The Cult of the Sun God and Akhenaten's Monotheism
+ The Late Period, 664-323 B.C.
o PTOLEMAIC, ROMAN, AND BYZANTINE EGYPT, 332 B.C.-A.D. 642
+ The Alexandrian Conquest
+ The Ptolemaic Period
+ Egypt under Rome and Byzantium, 30 B.C.-A.D. 640
o MEDIEVAL EGYPT
+ The Arab Conquest, 639-41
+ The Tulinids, Ikhshidids, Fatimids, and Ayyubids, 868- 1260
+ The Mamluks, 1250-1517
o EGYPT UNDER THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
o MODERN EGYPT
+ The Neo-Mamluk Beylicate, 1760-98
+ The French Invasion and Occupation, 1798-1801
+ Muhammad Ali, 1805-48
+ Abbas Hilmi I, 1848-54 and Said, 1854-63
+ Social Change in the Nineteenth Century
# Rural Society
# Towns and Cities
o FROM AUTONOMY TO OCCUPATION: ISMAIL, TAWFIQ, AND THE URABI REVOLT
+ Khedive Ismail, 1863-79
+ From Intervention to Occupation, 1876-82
o FROM OCCUPATION TO NOMINAL INDEPENDENCE: 1882-1923
+ The Occupiers
+ Economy and Society under Occupation
+ Egypt under the Protectorate and the 1919 Revolution
o THE ERA OF LIBERAL CONSTITUTIONALISM AND PARTY POLITICS
+ The Rise and Decline of the Wafd, 1924-39
+ Egypt During the War, 1939-45
+ On the Threshold of Revolution, 1945-52
+ The Revolution and the Early Years of the New Government: 1952-56
+ Egypt and the Arab World
+ Nasser and Arab Socialism
+ Egypt, the Arabs, and Israel
+ The June 1967 War
o THE AFTERMATH OF THE WAR
+ Internal Relations
+ External Relations
+ Nasser's Legacy
+ Sadat Takes Over, 1970-73
+ October 1973 War
+ Political Developments, 1971-78
+ Egypt's New Direction
+ Peace with Israel
+ The Aftermath of Camp David and the Assassination of Sadat
o MUBARAK AND THE MIDDLE WAY
* The Society and Its Environment
o GEOGRAPHY
+ Physical Size and Borders
+ Natural Regions
# Nile Valley and Delta
# Western Desert
# Eastern Desert
# Sinai Peninsula
+ Climate
o POPULATION
+ Population Control Policies
+ Major Cities
+ Emigration
+ Minorities
o SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
+ Urban Society
+ Rural Society
o FAMILY AND KINSHIP
+ Importance of Kinship
+ Attitudes Toward Women
+ Changing Status of Women
o RELIGION
+ Islam
# Early Developments
# Contemporary Islam
# Islamic Political Movements
+ Coptic Church
+ Other Religious Minorities
o EDUCATION
o HEALTH AND WELFARE
* The Economy
o STRUCTURE, GROWTH, AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMY
+ Infrastructure
+ Transportation
+ Communications
o THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
+ Mubarak's Gradualism?
+ Development Planning
+ Pricing and Subsidy
+ Exchange Rates
+ Public Finance
+ Banking, Credit, and Inflation
o LABOR
+ Employment
+ Wages
o AGRICULTURE
+ The Food Gap
+ Land Ownership and Reform
+ Land Reclamation and Loss
+ Pricing Policy
+ Cropping Patterns, Production, and Yield
+ Technology
o ENERGY, MINING, AND MANUFACTURING
+ Energy
+ Mining
+ Manufacturing
o FOREIGN TRADE
+ Exports
+ Imports
+ Trade Partners
o BALANCE OF PAYMENTS AND MAIN SOURCES OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE
+ Petroleum
+ Suez Canal
+ Remittances
+ Tourism
+ Current Account Balance
+ Capital Account and Capital Grants
+ Direct Foreign Investment
+ Loans
o DEBT AND RESTRUCTURING
* Government and Politics
o THE DOMINANT EXECUTIVE AND THE POWER ELITE
+ The Presidency
+ The President and the Power Elite
+ The Prime Minister, the Council of Ministers, and the Policy-making Process
+ The Road to Power: Recruitment and Composition of the Elite
+ Elite Ideology
+ Politics among Elites
# Military Politics
# The Politics of Economic Strategy
+ The Bureaucracy and Policy Implementation
+ Local Government
o THE SUBORDINATE BRANCHES: THE REGIME AND ITS CONSTITUENCY
+ Parliament
+ The Judiciary, Civil Rights, and the Rule of Law
+ The Political Role of the Media
+ Interest Groups
o CONTROLLING THE MASS POLITICAL ARENA
+ The "Dominant Party System"
# The Ruling Party
# The Opposition Parties
# Elections
+ The Limits of Incorporation: The Rise of Political Islam and the Continuing Role of Repression
o FOREIGN POLICY
+ The Determinants of Foreign Policy
+ Foreign Policy Decision Making
+ The Development of Foreign Policy
* National Security
o MILITARY HERITAGE
+ The Egyptian Military in World War II
+ First Arab-Israeli War
+ The 1956 War
+ The June 1967 War
+ War of Attrition and the October 1973 War
o SECURITY CONCERNS AND STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVES
o THE MILITARY IN NATIONAL LIFE
o THE ARMED FORCES
+ Army
+ Air Force
+ Navy
+ Air Defense Force
+ Training and Education
+ Conscription and Reserves
+ Conditions of Service
+ Defense Spending
+ Military Justice
+ Uniforms and Insignia
o ARMED FORCES PRODUCTION
+ Production of Civilian Goods
+ Defense Industry
o FOREIGN MILITARY ASSISTANCE
o INTERNAL SECURITY
+ Muslim Extremism
+ Leftist Organizations
+ Police
# Organization
# Training
# Central Security Forces
+ Intelligence Services
o CRIME AND PUNISHMENT
+ The Judicial System
+ Incidence of Crime
+ Drug Trafficking
+ The Penal System
* Appendix. Tables
* Glossary