Finland Study & Guide - AllRefer - Finland Information

* Country Profile
o COUNTRY
o GEOGRAPHY
o SOCIETY
o ECONOMY
o TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
o GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
o NATIONAL SECURITY
* Introduction
* Historical Setting
o ORIGINS OF THE FINNS
o THE ERA OF SWEDISH RULE, c. 1150-1809
+ Medieval Society and Economy
+ The Kalmar Union
+ The Reformation
+ Finland and the Swedish Empire
o THE RUSSIAN GRAND DUCHY OF FINLAND, 1809-1917
+ The Rise of Finnish Nationalism
+ Social and Economic Developments
+ The Era of Russification
o INDEPENDENCE AND THE INTERWAR ERA, 1917-39
+ The Finnish Civil War
+ The Establishment of Finnish Democracy
+ Finnish Security Policy Between the Wars
o WORLD WAR II, 1939-45
+ The Winter War
+ The Continuation War
+ The Lapland War
+ The Effects of the War
o THE POSTWAR ERA
+ The Cold War and the Treaty of 1948
+ Domestic Developments and Foreign Politics, 1948-66
+ Finland in the Era of Consensus, 1966-81
* The Society and Its Environment
o GEOGRAPHY
+ Size, External Boundaries, and Geology
+ Landform Regions
+ Climate
o DEMOGRAPHY
+ External Migration
+ Internal Migration
+ Urbanization
o SOCIAL STRUCTURE
+ Occupational and Wage Structure
+ Class Structure
o FAMILY LIFE
+ Marriage
+ Status of Women
o MINORITY GROUPS
+ Lapps
+ Swedish-speaking Finns
+ Gypsies
+ Jewish and Muslim Communities
o RELIGION
+ Role of Religion
+ Lutheran Church of Finland
# Revivalist Movements Within the Lutheran Church
# Organization and Duties of the Lutheran Church
+ Orthodox Church of Finland
+ Smaller Registered Churches
o EDUCATION
+ Primary and Secondary Education
+ Higher Education
+ Adult Education
o PUBLIC WELFARE
+ Growth of the Social Welfare System
+ Organization of the Welfare System
+ Income Security Programs Classified as Social Insurance
# National Pension Plan
# Employee Pension Plans
# Sickness Insurance
# Unemployment Insurance
# Workmen's Compensation
+ Income Security Classified as Welfare
# Family Aid
# Welfare Services
# Child-Care Services
# Services for the Disabled
# Services for Substance Abusers
+ Health System
# Development of the Health System
# Organization of the Health System
# Health Problems
o LIVING CONDITIONS
+ Protection of the Environment
+ Housing
* The Economy
o GROWTH AND STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMY
+ Economic Development
+ Structure of the Economy
o ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
+ Macroeconomic Policy
+ Public Finance
o HUMAN RESOURCES
+ Employment
+ Industrial Relations
o AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND FISHERIES
+ Agriculture
# Farms and Farmers
# Agricultural Policy
# Farm Production Patterns
+ Forestry
+ Fisheries
o ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES
+ Energy
+ Minerals
o INDUSTRY
+ Industrial Policy
+ Wood-Processing Industries
+ Metal Industries
# Basic Metals
# Machine Building
# Transport Equipment
# Electrical Equipment and High Technology
+ Other Industries
o SERVICES
+ Banking and Finance
+ Transportation and Communications
+ Tourism
o FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS
+ Foreign Trade
+ Finnish Direct Investment Abroad
+ Balance of Payments
+ Regional Economic Integration
# Ties to West European Markets
# Finnish-Soviet Cooperation
* Government and Politics
o CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
+ Constitutional Development
+ The Constitution
o GOVERNMENTAL INSTITUTIONS
+ Legislature
+ President
+ Council of State
+ Legal System
+ Civil Service
+ Provincial Administration
+ Local Administration
+ Electoral System
+ Aland Islands
o POLITICAL DYNAMICS
+ The Social Democratic Party
+ The Center Party
+ The National Coalition Party
+ The Communist Party of Finland
+ The Swedish People's Party
+ Smaller Parties and the Greens
+ Interest Groups
+ The Presidential Election of 1982 and Koivisto's Presidency
+ The Parliamentary Election of 1983
+ The Parliamentary Election of 1987
+ The Presidential Election of 1988
+ Mass Media
o FOREIGN RELATIONS
+ Neutrality
+ Soviet Union
+ Nordic Europe
+ Western Europe
+ United States
+ United Nations and Third World
* National Security
o MILITARY HERITAGE
o TREATY COMMITMENTS AFFECTING NATIONAL SECURITY
o GEOSTRATEGIC SITUATION
o CONCEPTS OF NATIONAL SECURITY
o THE ARMED FORCES
+ Command Structure
+ Army
+ Navy
+ Air Force
+ Conscription and Reserve Duty
+ Training and Education
+ Uniforms and Insignia
+ Conditions of Service
o DEFENSE SPENDING
o THE ARMED FORCES IN NATIONAL LIFE
o UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING ACTIVITIES
o SOURCES OF EQUIPMENT
+ Arms Acquisitions from Foreign Suppliers
+ Domestic Arms Production
o CIVIL DEFENSE
o PUBLIC ORDER AND SECURITY
+ Police Organization
+ Central Criminal Police
+ Mobile Police
+ Security Police
+ Police Training
+ Frontier Guard
o CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
+ Principles of Criminal Justice
+ Criminal Courts
+ Incidence of Crime
+ Sentencing and Punishment
+ Drug Enforcement
* Appendices
o Appendix A. Tables
o Appendix B. Treaty
* Glossary