Lebanon Study & Guide - Lebanon Information

A Country Study: Lebanon
Library of Congress Call Number DS80 .L39 1989

* Lebanon
* Foreward
* Acknowledgements
* Preface
* Country Profile
o Country
o Geography
o Society
o Economy
o Transportation and Communications
o Government and Politics
o National Security
* Introduction

* Chapter 1 - Historical Setting (Afaf Sabeh McGowen)
o Ancient Times
+ The Phoenicians
+ Assyrian Rule
+ Babylonian Rule and the Persian Empire
+ Rule of Alexander the Great
+ The Seleucid Dynasty
o The Arab Period
+ The Arab Conquest, 634-36
+ The Umayyads, 660-750
+ The Abbasids, 750-1258
+ Impact of Arab Rule
+ The Crusades, 1095-1291
+ The Mamluks, 1282-1516
o Ottoman Rule, 1516-1916
+ The Maans, 1120-1697
+ The Shihabs, 1697-1842
+ Religious Conflicts
o World War I and the French Mandate, 1914-41
+ World War I
+ The Mandate Period
+ World War II and Independence, 1939-41
o Independent Lebanon, 1943-76
+ The Khuri Era, 1943-52
+ The Shamun Era, 1952-58
+ The Rise of Shihabism, 1958-64
+ The Hilu Era, 1964-70
+ The Franjiyah Era, 1970-76
+ The Civil War, 1975-76
+ The Sarkis Administration, 1976-82

* Chapter 2 - The Society and Its Environment (AsÌad AbuKhalil)
o Geography
+ Land
+ Climate
+ Rivers and Lakes
o Population
+ Migration
+ The War and Displacement in Beirut
+ The Palestinian Element
o Sectarianism
+ Lebanese Confessional "Societies"
+ Sectarian and Clan Consciousness
o Religion
+ Tenets of Islam
+ Muslim Sects
# Sunni
# Twelver or Imami Shias
# Ismailis
# Alawis
# Druzes
+ Christian Sects
# Maronites
# Greek Catholics
# Roman Catholics
# Greek Orthodox
# Jacobites
# Armenian Orthodox or Gregorian
# Assyrian or Nestorian Church
# Protestants
+ Jews
+ Others
o Languages
+ Arabic
+ Other Languages
o Structure of Society
+ The Family
+ Sex Roles
+ Marriage
+ Child-Rearing Practices
+ Impact of War on the Family
o Living Conditions
+ Prewar Conditions
+ Wartime Conditions
o Education
+ Primary Education
+ Intermediate Education
+ Secondary Education
+ Technical and Vocational Education
+ Higher Education
o Health

* Chapter 3 - The Economy (John Roberts)
o Recent Economic History
+ Civil War and Partial Recovery, 1974-82
+ Invasion and Trauma, 1982-87
o The Official Economy in the Mid-1980's
+ Balance of Payments
+ Government Revenues
+ External Debt and Foreign Exchange
+ Inflation
+ The Budget
o Banking and Finance
+ Domestic Banking
+ The Central Bank
+ International Banking
o Transportation and Communications
+ Roads
+ Railroads
+ Shipping
+ Aviation
+ Telecommunications
o Agriculture
+ Land and Irrigation
+ Crop Production
o Industry
+ The State of Industry
+ Cement
+ Electric Power and Petroleum Refining
o Aid and Reconstruction
+ Reconstruction and Hope, 1976-82
+ Arab Reconstruction Aid
+ Post-Israeli Invasion Reconstruction, 1982-84
+ Reconstruction and Chaos, 1984-87

* Chapter 4 - Government and Politics (AsÌad AbuKhalil)
o The Basis of Government
+ The Constitution
+ The National Pact
o The Practice of Government
+ Zuama Clientelism
+ The Presidency
+ The Prime Minister and the Cabinet
+ The Legislature
+ The Judiciary
+ The Bureaucracy
o Political Parties and Groupings
+ Sectarian Groups
# Phalange Party
# National Liberal Party
# Lebanese Forces
# Amal
# Hizballah
# Islamic Amal
# Islamic Grouping
# Union of Muslim Ulama
# Independent Nasserite Movement
# Progressive Socialist Party
+ Minority Parties
# Armenian Parties
# Kurdish Parties
+ Multisectarian Parties
# Lebanese Communist Party
# Syrian Socialist Nationalist Party
# Organization of Communist Action
o Foreign Relations
+ Syria
+ Israel
+ Palestinians
+ Iran
+ United States
+ Soviet Union

* Chapter 5 - National Security (Robert Scott Mason)
o The Creation of the Army
o The Lebanese Political-Military Situation: Independence to 1975
+ The 1948 Arab-Israeli War
+ The Rosewater Revolution
+ The 1958 Civil War
+ The Cairo Agreement and the Prelude to the 1975 Civil War
o THE 1975 CIVIL WAR
+ The Military Cabinet
+ The Early Stages of Combat
+ Syrian Intervention
+ The Riyadh Conference and the Arab Deterrent Force
+ The Red Line Arrangement
o The Interwar Years
+ Operation Litani
+ Operations of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
+ The Ascendancy of Bashir Jumayyil
+ The Missile Crisis
+ The Two-Week War
o The 1982 Isreali Invasion and its Aftermath
+ Operation Peace for Galilee
+ The Siege of Beirut
+ The Multinational Force
+ The Rise of the Shias
+ The May 17 Agreement
+ The Israeli Defense Forces Withdrawal and the Mountain War
+ The Multinational Force Withdrawal
+ The Bikfayya Accord
+ Events in Southern Lebanon
+ Chaos in Beirut and Syrian Peacemaking Efforts
# Internecine Battles in the Lebanese Forces
# The War of the Camps
# The Tripartite Accord
# Pax Syriana
o The Lebanese Armed Forces in the 1980's
+ Organization and Command Structure
# The New Defense Law
# The Supreme Defense Council
# The Military Council
# Military Intelligence
# The Commander in Chief
+ The Army
# The Fourth Brigade
# The Fifth Brigade
# The Sixth Brigade
# The Seventh Brigade
# The Eighth Brigade
# The Ninth Brigade
# The Tenth Brigade
# The Eleventh Brigade
# The Twelfth Brigade
+ The Air Force and Navy
o Internal Security and Terrorism
+ Suicide Bombings
+ The Hostage Crisis

* Appendices
o Appendix A. Tables
o Appendix B. The Opposing Forces in the Lebanese Civil War (Robert Scott Mason)
* Bibliography
* Glossary