Mongolia Study & Guide - AllRefer - Mongolia Information

* Table A. Chronology of Important Events
* Country Profile
o COUNTRY
o GEOGRAPHY
o SOCIETY
o ECONOMY
o TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
o GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
o NATIONAL SECURITY
* Introduction
* Historical Setting
o Early Development, ca. 220 B.C.-A.D. 1206
+ Origins of the Mongols
+ Xiongnu and Yuezhi
+ Donghu, Toba, and Ruruan
+ Rise of the T�rk
+ Influence of Tang China
+ Kitan and Jurchen
o The Era of Chinggis Khan, 1206-27
+ Rise of Chinggis Khan
+ Early Wars in China
+ Conquest of Khwarizm and Reconnaissance into Europe
+ The Last Campaign of Chinggis Khan
o Successors of Chinggis, 1228-59
+ Ogedei and Continuing Conquests
+ Subetei and the European Expedition
+ Reign of Kuyuk
+ Mengke and the War in China
o Khubilai Khan and the Yuan Dynasty, 1261-1368
+ A New Khan
+ The Yuan Dynasty
+ The Ilkhans
+ The Golden Horde
+ The Mongol Decline
o Mongolia in Transition, 1368-1911
+ Return to Nomadic Patterns
+ Caught Between the Russians and the Manchus
+ The End of Independence
o Modern Mongolia, 1911-84
+ Period of Autonomy, 1911-21
+ Revolutionary Transformation, 1921-24
+ Consolidation of the Mongolian People's Republic, 1925- 28
+ Purges of the Opposition, 1928-32
+ Economic Gradualism and National Defense, 1932-45
# The New Turn Policy, 1932-40
# National Defense, 1940-45
+ Peacetime Development, 1946-52
+ Socialist Construction under Tsedenbal, 1952-84
* The Society and Its Environment
o Geography
+ Landforms
+ Climate
+ Environmental Concerns
o Population
+ Vital Rates
+ Pro-natal Policies
+ Population Distribution
+ The Urban Population
o Ethnic and Linguistic Groups
+ Mongols and Kazakhs
+ Chinese, Russians, and Others
o Society
+ Pastoral Nomadism
# Pastoralism as a Cultural System
# Pastoralism in Practice
# Constraints on Herding
+ Traditional Patterns
+ Planned Modernization
# Unifying Structures
# Increasing Social Differentiation
+ Collectivized Farming and Herding
# Modernized Nomads
# Work Collectives
+ Kinship, Family, and Marriage
# Kinship
# Family Structure
# Marriage
+ Position of Women
# Traditional Subordination
# Education and Employment
+ Social Mobility
# High Rates of Mobility
# Channels of Social Mobility
+ Cultural Unity and Mongol Identity
# Implicit Nationalism
# Promotion of Traditional Festivals
o Religion
+ Buddhism
+ The Suppression of Buddhism
+ Uses of Buddhism
+ Religious Survivals
o Health and Welfare
+ Health-Care Systems
+ Precautions Against AIDS
o Education
+ The School System
+ Higher Education
+ Study in the Soviet Union
+ Mongolian Science
+ Science, Progress, and Tradition
* The Economy
o Socialist Framework of the Economy
+ Role of the Government
+ Planning
+ Budget
+ Structure of the Economy
+ Economic Reforms
o Natural resources
o Agriculture
+ Crop Production
+ Animal Husbandry
+ Forestry
+ Fishing
o Industry
+ Light Industry
+ Mining
+ Energy
+ Construction
o Services
+ Banking and Insurance
+ Domestic Trade and Other Services
+ Retail Trade and Consumption
o Labor Force
+ Composition
+ Labor Force Policy and Planning
+ Working Conditions and Income
+ Trade Unions
o Foreign Economic Relations and Comecon
+ Participation in Comecon
+ Foreign Assistance, Investment, and Joint Ventures
+ Exports and Imports
+ Trading Partners
+ Tourism
o Transportation
+ Roads
+ Railroads
+ Inland Waterways
+ Civil Aviation
o Telecommunications
* Government and Politics
o Government Structure
+ Form of Government
+ Constitutional Framework
+ Major State Organizations
# Legislative
# Executive
# Judicial
+ Local Administration
o Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
+ Membership
+ Party Congress
+ Central Committee
+ Political Bureau and Secretariat
+ Regional and Local Party Organizations
+ Mass Organizations
# Youth Organizations
# Mongolian-Soviet Friendship Society
# Women's Organizations
# Labor Organizations
# Other Mass Organizations
o The Political Process
+ Democratic Centralism
+ Political Issues
+ Role of the Military
+ General Political Values and Attitudes
o Foreign Policy
+ Motivation and Goals
+ Ministry of Foreign Affairs
+ Foreign Relations
# Soviet Union
# China
# United States
# Other Countries
+ International Organizations
o The Media
+ Information Policy
+ Major Channels
+ Foreign Sources
* National Security
o The Armed Forces
+ Historical Traditions
+ Beginning of Modern Military Practices, 1911-21
+ The Mongolian Army, 1921-68
# Early Development
# Internal Discord and War with Japan
# Postwar Developments
+ Organization since 1968
# Personnel
# Education and Training
+ Civil-Military Relations
+ Economic Role
+ Threat Perception
o Criminal Justice and Public Security
+ The Legal System
# Criminal Code
# Criminal Court System
+ The Penal System
+ Law Enforcement
# The Security System
# Auxiliary Security Forces
# Incidence of Crime
* Appendix. Tables
* Glossary