Nicaragua Study & Guide - AllRefer - Nicaragua Information

* Country Profile
o GEOGRAPHY
o SOCIETY
o ECONOMY
o TRANSPORTATION AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
o GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
o NATIONAL SECURITY
* INTRODUCTION
* Historical Setting
o PRECOLONIAL PERIOD
o COLONIAL PERIOD, 1522-1820
+ The Spanish Conquest
+ Colonial Rule
o NINETEENTH CENTURY
+ National Independence, 1821-57
+ Foreign Intervention, 1850-68
+ Conservative and Liberal Regimes, 1858-1909
o THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY AND THE SOMOZA YEARS, 1909- 79
+ United States Intervention, 1909-33
+ The Somoza Era, 1936-74
+ The Rise of the FSLN
+ The End of the Anastasio Somoza Debayle Era
+ The Sandinista Revolution
o THE SANDINISTA YEARS, 1979-90
+ Consolidation of the Revolution, 1979-80
+ Growth of Opposition, 1981-83
+ Institutionalization of the Revolution, 1984
+ The Regional Peace Effort and Retrenchment of the Revolution, 1986-90
+ The UNO Electoral Victory
* The Society and Its Environment
o CLIMATE AND TERRAIN
+ Natural Regions
+ Climate
o DEMOGRAPHY
o CLASS STRUCTURE
o SOCIAL CONDITIONS
+ Education
+ Health
o FAMILY
o THE LIVES OF WOMEN
o RELIGION
o CARIBBEAN SOCIETY
o THE SANDINISTA REVOLUTION ON THE CARIBBEAN COAST
* The Economy
o HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
+ Pre-Columbian and Colonial Era
+ The Coffee Boom, 1840s-1940s
+ Diversification and Growth, 1945-77
+ Legacy of the Sandinista Revolution, 1977-79
+ The Sandinista Era, 1979-90
+ The Chamorro Era, 1990-
o NATIONALIZATION AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR
+ Nationalization under the Sandinistas
+ Privatization and the Private Sector
+ The Issue of Land Ownership
o FINANCE
+ Banking
+ Currency
+ Inflation
+ Tax Reform
+ Deficits
o EXTERNAL SECTOR
+ Foreign Trade and the Balance of Payments
+ Foreign Aid
+ External Debt
o LABOR
+ Composition of the Labor Force
+ Employment Conditions
+ Organized Labor
+ Unemployment and Underemployment
+ Wages
+ Labor Unrest
o INDUSTRY
o AGRICULTURE
+ Agricultural Policy
+ Crops
# Coffee
# Cotton
# Bananas
# Other Crops
+ Livestock
o NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION
+ Fishing and Forestry
+ Mining
+ Conservation and the Environment
o SERVICES
+ Transportation
+ Telecommunications
+ Electric Power and Energy
o PROSPECTS
* Government and Politics
o THE CHAMORRO GOVERNMENT TAKES POWER
o CONSTITUTIONAL BACKGROUND
+ The Executive
+ The Legislature
+ The Judiciary
+ Local Government
+ Public Administration
o POLITICAL DYNAMICS
+ Conflict Between the Executive and Legislative Branches
+ Dispute over Property Rights
o POLITICAL PARTIES
+ The National Opposition Union (UNO) Coalition
+ Small Non-UNO Parties
+ Sandinista National Liberation Front
+ Interest Groups
# The Ex-Contras and Recontras
# Labor Organizations
# Producers' Groups
# The Church
# The Universities
# The Media
o FOREIGN RELATIONS
+ Relations with the United States
+ Relations with Central American Countries
+ Relations with Other Countries
* National Security
o MILITARY HERITAGE
+ National Guard, 1927-79
+ Sandinista Guerrilla Movement, 1961-79
+ Sandinista People's Army 1979-90
+ Sandinista People's Militia
+ Foreign Influences and Assistance
o THE NICARAGUAN RESISTANCE
o ARMED FORCES AFTER 1990
+ Army
+ Air Force
+ Navy
o DEFENSE SPENDING
o INTERNAL SECURITY
+ Police and Law Enforcement
+ Secret Police and Intelligence
+ Human Rights
+ Prison Conditions
+ Criminal Justice System
* Appendices
o Appendix A. Tables
o Appendix B. Central American Common Market
* Glossary