Panama Study & Guide - AllRefer - Panama Information

* COUNTRY PROFILE
o COUNTRY
o GEOGRAPHY
o SOCIETY
o ECONOMY
o TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
o GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
o NATIONAL SECURITY
* Introduction
* Historical Setting
o THE CONQUEST
o THE SPANISH COLONY
o THE COLOMBIA DEPARTMENT
+ Independence from Spain
+ The California Gold Rush and the Railroad
+ The Uncompleted French Canal
+ The Spillover from Colombia's Civil Strife
o THE UNITED STATES PROTECTORATE
+ The 1903 Treaty and Qualified Independence
+ Organizing the New Republic
+ Building the Canal
+ United States Intervention and Strained Relations
+ A New Accommodation
o THE BISECTED REPUBLIC
+ The War Years
+ The National Guard in Ascendance
+ The Politics of Frustrated Nationalism
o THE NEGOTIATION OF NEW TREATIES
+ The 1964 Riots
+ The Oligarchy under Fire
+ The Government of Torrijos and the National Guard
+ The Treaty Negotiations
+ The 1977 Treaties and Associated Agreements
+ Torrijos Government Undertakes "Democratization"
o THE POST-TORRIJOS ERA
+ Torrijos's Sudden Death
+ Noriega Takes Control
* The Society and Its Environment
o GEOGRAPHY
o POPULATION
+ Regions of Settlement
+ Size and Growth
o ETHNIC GROUPS
+ Antillean Blacks
+ Indians
# Cuna
# Guaym�
o SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
+ Family and Kin
+ Rural Society
+ Migration
+ Urban Society
# The Elite
# The Middle Class
# The Lower Class
o RELIGION
o EDUCATION
o HEALTH AND WELFARE
* The Economy
o GROWTH AND STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMY
+ Changing Structure of the Economy
+ Recent Economic Performance
o ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
+ Monetary Policy
+ Fiscal Policy
# Budget Process
# Revenues
# Expenditures
o HUMAN RESOURCES AND INCOME
+ Employment
+ Wage Policy and Labor Code
+ Income Distribution
o PANAMA CANAL
+ Role of the Canal From 1903 to 1977
+ Economic Implications of the 1977 Treaties
+ Current Use and Future of the Canal
o SERVICES
+ Transportation and Communication
# Oil Pipeline
# Col�n Free Zone
+ Finance
+ Tourism
o AGRICULTURE
+ Land Use
+ Land Tenure and Agrarian Reform
+ Crops
+ Livestock
+ Fishing and Forestry
o INDUSTRY
+ Manufacturing
+ Mining
+ Construction
+ Energy
o FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS
+ Trade
+ Balance of Payments
+ External Debt
* Government and Politics
o THE CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
o THE GOVERNMENTAL SYSTEM
+ The Executive
+ The Legislature
+ The Judiciary
+ State Agencies and the Regulation of Public Employees
+ Provincial and Municipal Government
o NATIONALISM, POPULISM, AND MILITARISM: THE LEGACY OF OMAR TORRIJOS
o POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN THE POST-TORRIJOS ERA
o POLITICAL FORCES
+ Political Parties
+ The Panama Defense Forces
+ Business, Professional, and Labor Organizations
+ Students
+ The Roman Catholic Church
+ The Communications Media
o FOREIGN RELATIONS
+ Relations with the United States: The Panama Canal
+ Other Aspects of Panamanian-United States Relations
+ Relations with Central America
+ Bilateral Relations with Other Nations
+ Multilateral Relations
+ Foreign Policy Decision Making
* National Security
o HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
o MISSIONS AND ORGANIZATION OF THE DEFENSE FORCES
+ The General Staff
+ Military Zones
+ Ground Forces
+ Panamanian Air Force and National Navy
+ Police Forces
+ National Guard
o ADMINISTRATION AND OPERATIONS OF THE DEFENSE FORCES
+ Manpower
+ Training
+ Foreign Military Assistance
+ Canal Defense
+ Involvement in Political and Economic Affairs
o UNITED STATES FORCES IN PANAMA
o ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE
+ Criminal Justice
+ The Penal System
+ Incidence of Crime
o NATIONAL SECURITY
* Appendices
o Appendix A. Tables
o Appendix B. Texts of the Panama Canal Treaties with United States Senate Modifications
* Glossary