Portugal Study & Guide - AllRefer - Portugal Information

* Country Profile
o Country
o Society
o Economy
o Transportation and Communications
o Government and Politics
o National Security
* Introduction
* Historical Setting
o ORIGINS OF PORTUGAL
+ Early Inhabitants
+ Phoenicians, Greeks, and Carthaginians
+ Romanization
+ Germanic Invasions
+ Muslim Domination
+ Christian Reconquest
o FORMATION OF THE MONARCHY
+ Afonso Henriques Becomes King
+ Territorial Enlargement
+ Settlement and Cultivation
+ Political and Social Organization
+ Control of the Royal Patrimony
+ Development of the Realm
o THE HOUSE OF AVIS
+ Wars with Castile
+ Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
+ Social Revolution
+ Intradynastic Struggle
+ Assertion of Royal Supremacy
o MARITIME EXPANSION
+ Early Voyages
+ Sea Route to India
+ Empire in Asia
+ Colonization of Brazil
+ Counter-Reformation and Overseas Evangelization
o IMPERIAL DECLINE
+ Dynastic Crisis
+ Iberian Union
+ Restoration
+ Development of Brazil
+ Absolutism
+ Peninsular Wars
o CONSTITUTIONALISM
+ Revolution of 1820
+ War of the Two Brothers
+ Moderate vs. Radical Liberals
+ Rotativismo
+ Portuguese Africa
o REPUBLICANISM
+ The First Republic
+ Military Dictatorship
+ The New State
+ The Social State
* The Society and Its Environment
o THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
o DEMOGRAPHY
+ Population Size and Structure
+ Emigration
o FAMILY AND KINSHIP RELATIONS
+ Family
+ Women
+ The Extended Family and Kinship Relations
o SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND SOCIAL CLASSES
+ The Elite
+ The Middle Class
+ The Lower Class
+ A New Portugal?
o ETHNICITY AND ETHNIC GROUPS
o RELIGION AND THE ROLE OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
+ History
+ The Salazar Regime
+ Changes After the Revolution of 1974
+ Religious Practices
+ Non-Catholic Religious Groups
o EDUCATION
o SOCIAL WELFARE
+ Social Welfare Programs
+ Health Care
+ Housing
* The Economy
o ECONOMIC GROWTH AND STRUCTURAL CHANGE
+ The Economy of the Salazar Regime
+ Changing Structure of the Economy
+ Economic Growth, 1960-73 and 1981-90
o REVOLUTIONARY CHANGE
+ Nationalization
+ The Brain Drain
o ROLE OF THE CONSOLIDATED PUBLIC SECTOR
+ The Nonfinancial Public Enterprises
+ The General Government
+ Macroeconomic Disequilibria and Public Debt
o HUMAN RESOURCES AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION
+ Employment and Sectoral Composition of the Labor Force
+ Wages and the Distribution of Income
o AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND FISHING
+ Agricultural Zones
+ Crops and Livestock
+ Forestry and Fishing
+ Land Tenure and Agrarian Reform
+ Agricultural Policy and the European Community
o THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
+ Industrial Regions
+ Industrial Organization
+ Energy and Mineral Resources
o SERVICES
+ Commerce and Tourism
+ Transportation and Communications
+ Banking and Finance
o FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS
+ Composition and Direction of Trade
+ The Balance of International Payments
+ Tourism and Unilateral Transfers
+ Foreign Direct Investment
+ External Public Debt
* Government and Politics
o THE REVOLUTION OF 1974 AND THE TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY
+ The Salazar-Caetano Era
+ Sp�nola and Revolution
+ The Transition to Civilian Rule
+ Consolidation of Democracy
o THE GOVERNMENTAL SYSTEM
+ Constitutional Development
+ The Presidency
+ The Council of State
+ The Prime Minister
+ The Council of Ministers
+ The Assembly of the Republic
+ The Judiciary
+ Civil Service
+ Local Government
+ Autonomous Regions and Macau
+ The Electoral System
o POLITICAL DYNAMICS
+ Political Parties
# Far Left
# Portuguese Communist Party
# Socialist Party
# Social Democrat Party
# Party of the Social Democratic Center
# Far Right
# Popular Monarchist Party
# Other Parties
+ Interest Groups
# Armed Forces
# Roman Catholic Church
# Economic Elites
# Organized Labor
# Middle Class
# Students and Intellectuals
# Peasants
+ Political Events Since 1987
o THE MEDIA
o FOREIGN RELATIONS
+ Africa
+ Western Europe
+ United States
+ Other Countries and Areas
* National Security
o HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
+ The Military in the Salazar Era
+ The Role of the Armed Forces in Africa
# Angola
# Portuguese Guinea
# Mozambique
o ROLE OF THE MILITARY IN PORTUGUESE POLITICAL LIFE
+ The Military Takeover of 1974
+ The Armed Forces in Political Life after 1975
o STRATEGIC CONCEPTS UNDERLYING THE PORTUGUESE DEFENSE POSTURE
o THE ARMED FORCES
+ Army
+ Navy
+ Air Force
+ Conditions of Service
+ Uniforms, Ranks, and Insignia
+ Defense Expenditures
o PORTUGAL AND NATO
o BILATERAL MILITARY RELATIONS WITH OTHER COUNTRIES
o DOMESTIC DEFENSE PRODUCTION
o PUBLIC ORDER AND INTERNAL SECURITY
+ The Police System
+ National Republican Guard
+ Public Security Police
+ Other Police Forces
+ Intelligence Services
+ Terrorist Groups
o JUDICIAL SYSTEM
+ Criminal Law Procedure
+ Incidence of Crime
+ Penal System
* Appendix. Tables
* Glossary