Somalia Study & Guide - AllRefer - Somalia Information

* COUNTRY PROFILE
o COUNTRY
o GEOGRAPHY
o SOCIETY
o ECONOMY
o TRANSPORTATION
o GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
o NATIONAL SECURITY
* Introduction
* Historical Setting
o THE SOMALIS: THEIR ORIGINS, MIGRATIONS, AND SETTLEMENT
+ Coastal Towns
+ Emergence of Adal
+ Mogadishu and Its Banaadir Hinterlands
+ The Somali Peninsula on the Eve of Imperial Partition
+ The Majeerteen Sultanates
o IMPERIAL PARTITION
+ Mahammad Abdille Hasau's Dervish Resistance to Colonial Occupation
+ Consolidation of Colonial Rule
+ Somalia During World War II
+ British Military Administration
+ Trusteeship and Protectorate: The Road to Independence
o FROM INDEPENDENCE TO REVOLUTION
+ Problems of National Integration
+ Pan-Somalism
+ Foreign Relations, 1960-69
+ The Husseen Government
+ The Igaal Government
+ Coup d'Etat
o THE REVOLUTIONARY REGIME
+ Supreme Revolutionary Council
+ Challenges to the Regime
+ Siad Barre and Scientific Socialism
+ The Language and Literacy Issue
+ Creation of the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party
o SOMALIA'S DIFFICULT DECADE, 1980-90
+ Entrenching Siad Barre's Personal Rule
+ Siad Barre's Repressive Measures
+ Persecution of the Majeerteen
+ Oppression of the Isaaq
+ Harrying of the Hawiye
* The Society and Its Environemnt
o PHYSICAL SETTING
+ Climate
+ Terrain, Vegetation, and Drainage
o POPULATION AND SETTLEMENT PATTERNS
o THE SEGMENTARY SOCIAL ORDER
+ Samaal
+ Digil and Rahanwayn
+ Riverine and Coastal People of Non-Somali Origin
+ Specialized Occupational Groups
+ Social Change
o LINEAGE SEGMENTATION AND THE SOMALI CIVIL WAR
o RELIGIOUS LIFE
+ The Tenets of Islam
+ Religious Roles in Somali Islam
+ Religious Orders and the Cult of the Saints
+ Folk Islam and Indigenous Ritual
+ Islam in the Colonial Era and After
+ Rising Islamism
o LANGUAGE AND EDUCATION
+ Language
+ Education
o HEALTH
o REFUGEES
o BREAKDOWN OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE
* The Economy
o PASTORALISM AND COMMERCE IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
o THE COLONIAL ECONOMY
o ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, 1960-69
o SCIENTIFIC SOCIALISM, 1970-75
o THE SOCIALIST REVOLUTION after 1975
o FROM SCIENTIFIC SOCIALISM TO "IMF-ISM," 1981-90
o NATURAL RESOURCES AND ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE
+ Land
+ Energy
+ Transportation
+ Communications
o THE "REAL" SOMALI ECONOMY IN THE 1980s
+ Export of Labor
+ Export of Livestock
+ Rural Subsistence Sector
+ Urban Subsistence and Government Employment
+ Undeveloped Sectors
# Plantation Economy
# Mining
# Forestry
# Fishing
# Manufacturing
+ Foreign Trade
* Government and Politics
o GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE
+ Constitution
+ Legislature
+ Local Government
+ Legal System
+ Courts
o POLITICAL DYNAMICS
+ Opposition Movements
+ Politics of Reconciliation
+ Politics of Succession
+ Politics of Disintegration
o MASS MEDIA
o FOREIGN RELATIONS
+ Relations with Other African States
+ Relations with Arab Countries
+ Relations with the United States
+ Other Foreign Relations
* National Security
o INTERNATIONAL SECURITY CONCERNS
+ Irredentism and the Changing Balance of Power
+ The Ogaden War: Performance and Implications of Defeat
+ Postwar Status of the Armed Forces
o INTERNAL SECURITY CONCERNS
+ Government Security Policy
+ Sources of Opposition
o HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE ARMED FORCES
+ The Warrior Tradition and Development of a Modern Army
+ The Armed Forces in National Life
# The Military and the Government
# The Military and the Economy
+ Mission, Organization, and Strength
+ Manpower, Training, and Conditions of Service
o FOREIGN MILITARY ASSISTANCE
o STATE SECURITY SERVICES
+ Somali Police Force (SPF)
+ People's Militia
+ National Security Service
o CRIMINAL JUSTICE
+ Penal System
+ Prison System
o HUMAN RIGHTS
* Appendix. Tables
* Glossary