South Africa Study & Guide - AllRefer - South Africa Information

* Table A. Selected Acronyms and Contractions
* Table B. Chronology of Important Events
* Country Profile
o Country
o Geography
o Society
o Economy
o Transportation and Telecommunications
o Government and Politics
o National Security
* Introduction
* Historical Setting
o Southern African Societies to ca. 1600
+ The Earliest South Africans
+ The Arrival of Bantu-Speaking Africans
o Early European Settlement
+ Origins of Settlement
+ Establishing a Slave Economy
+ Emergence of a Settler Society
o The Rise of African States
+ Background to the Mfecane
+ Shaka and the Rise of the Zulu State
+ Swazi, Sotho, and Ndebele States
o The Expansion of European Settlement
+ British Colonialism
+ The Great Trek
+ The Voortrekker Republics and British Policies
o Industrialization and Imperialism, 1870-1910
+ The Mineral Revolution
+ Africans and Industrialization
# African Enterprise
# Extending European Control
# African Initiatives
+ British Imperialism and the Afrikaners
# Minerals and the Growth of Boer-British Antipathy
# The South African War
# Milner's Peace
+ Formation of the Union of South Africa, 1910
o Segregation, 1910-48
+ Building the Legal Structure of Racial Discrimination
+ Formation of the African National Congress, 1912
+ World War I and Afrikaner Nationalism
+ Conflict in the 1920s
+ The Great Depression and the 1930s
+ The Impact of World War II
+ The 1948 Election
o Apartheid, 1948-76
+ The Legislative Implementation of Apartheid
# Separating Black from White
# Separate and Unequal
# Security Legislation
# White Politics
+ Black Resistance in the 1950s
# The Congress Youth League and the Programme of Action
# The Congress of the People and the Freedom Charter
# The Pan-Africanist Congress and Sharpeville
+ Consolidating Apartheid in the 1960s
# The ANC and the PAC Turn to Violence
# Consolidating Apartheid
+ The Rise of Black Consciousness
# Steve Biko and the South African Students' Organisation
# Soweto, 1976
o Government in Crisis, 1978-89
+ The Contradictions of Apartheid
+ Divisions in the White Community
+ Limited Reforms
o Dismantling Apartheid, 1990-94
+ The Quest for Peace
+ "Irreversible Progress" Toward Democracy
+ Preparing for Elections
* The Society and Its Environment
o Physical Setting
+ Geographic Regions
+ Lakes and Rivers
+ Climate and Rainfall
+ Environmental Trends
o Population
+ Size and Growth
+ Distribution
o Ethnic Groups and Language
+ Language Groups
+ Nguni
# Zulu
# Swazi
# Xhosa
# Ndebele
+ Sotho
# Northern Sotho
# Southern Sotho
# Tswana
+ Tsonga and Venda
# Tsonga
# Venda
+ Afrikaans Speakers
# Afrikaners
# "Coloureds"
+ English Speakers
# "Europeans"
# Asians
+ Khoisan
o Religion
+ Historical Background
# African Religions
# The Arrival of Christianity
+ Religion and Apartheid
# Dutch Reformed Churches
# Other Religious Organizations
+ Zion Christian Church
+ Islam
o Education
+ Early Development
+ Education under Apartheid
# The Bantu Education Act
# Soweto and Its Aftermath
+ The School System in the 1990s
+ Higher Education
o Health and Welfare
+ Incidence of Disease
+ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
+ Health Care Services
+ Social Welfare
# Disabilities and the Aged
# Refugees
# Narcotics
o Women in Society
+ Women and Apartheid
+ Women in the 1990s
* The Economy
o Historical Development
o Postapartheid Reconstruction
o Structure of the Economy
+ Gross Domestic Product
+ External Debt
+ Inflation
+ Economic Distortions and Apartheid
o Role of the Government
+ Legal Restrictions
+ Parastatals
+ Budgets
o Foreign Trade and Investment
+ Foreign Trade
+ Investment
+ Balance of Payments
o Employment and Labor
+ Labor Force
+ Labor and Politics
+ Education and Employment
o Extractive Industries
+ Gold
+ Diamonds and Platinum
+ Ferrous and Nonferrous Metals
+ Energy Minerals and Petroleum
o Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing
+ Crops
+ Livestock
+ Forestry
+ Fishing
o Manufacturing
+ Electric Power
+ Heavy Industry
+ Chemicals Industry
+ Consumer Goods
o Transportation and Telecommunications
+ Railroads
+ Ports and Shipping
+ Road System and Transport
+ Civil Aviation
+ Pipelines
+ Telecommunications and Postal Service
o Environmental Protection and Tourism
+ Environmental Protection
+ Tourism
o Banking and Currency
+ Banking
+ Currency
o Growth Trends and Potential
* Government and Politics
o System of Government
+ Historical Background
+ Constitutional Change
+ The Interim Constitution
+ Executive and Legislative Authority
# The President
# The Cabinet
# Parliament
# Volkstaat Council
+ Provincial and Local Government
+ Drafting a Final Constitution
o The Legal System
+ The Apartheid-Era Legal System
+ The New Legal System
o Political Participation
+ The 1994 Elections
+ Political Parties
# African National Congress
# South African Communist Party
# National Party
# Inkatha Freedom Party
# Freedom Front
# Other Political Parties
+ Interest Groups
# Afrikaner Broederbond
# United Democratic Front
# Mass Democratic Movement
# Trade Unions
+ Political Elites
o Communications Media
+ Radio and Television
+ Newspapers, Magazines, and Journals
o Foreign Relations
+ Relations with African States
# Botswana
# Lesotho
# Swaziland
# Zimbabwe
# Namibia
# Mozambique
# Zambia
# Angola
# Kenya
# Nigeria
+ Relations with Non-African States
# United States
# European Union
# Russian Federation
# Iran
# Israel
# Relations with Other Countries
o International Organizations
* National Security
o Historical Background
+ Precolonial Warfare
+ Early Development of the South African Military
# Ground Forces
# Air and Naval Forces
+ Rise of the Security Establishment
# National Security Management System
# Specialized Forces
# Homeland Militaries
+ Women in the Military
o Global and Regional Issues
+ Arms Trade and the Defense Industry
# Growth of the Defense Industry
# Defying International Embargoes
+ Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Weapons
+ Regional Issues
o Constitutional and Legal Framework
o Military Organization
+ Army
# Integrating Armies in the 1990s
# The New Face of the Army
+ Air Force
+ Navy
+ Medical Service
+ Uniforms, Ranks, and Insignia
+ Military Intelligence and Intelligence Coordination
o Defense Budget
o Internal Security
+ Police
# Early Development
# The Police in the 1990s
+ Crime and Violence
# Community Response
# Government Response
+ Prison System
+ Penal Code
o Human Rights and National Reconciliation
* Appendix. Tables
* Glossary